English
Elisabeth Burr, Francesca Tomasi, Tiziana Mancinelli, Monica Berti, Klaus Thoden, Luise Borek, Christof Schöch, Claudia Müller-Birn, Melanie Siemund, Saskia Lindner, Tamara Butigan, Vanja Savic, Toma Tasovac, Aurélien Berra, Thibault Clérice, Martin Grandjean, Vincent Razanajao, Gimena del Rio Riande
Luise Borek, Canan Hastik, Vera Khramova, Jonathan Geiger
TaDiRAH
Taxonomy of Digital Research Activities in the Humanities
Luise Borek, Quinn Dombrowski, Christoph Schöch, Jody Perkins, Matthew Munson
Création
Criação
Creación
Creating
Creazione
Erzeugen
Стварање
creating generally refers to an achievement of producing born-digital objects as an own contribution, rather than creating an output by capturing and digitizing existing analog objects or enrichment of information. Creating can involve writing or translating natural language texts or could also concern other forms of expressions, such as creating an executable code (programming), composing a musical score, creating an image, or developing any design (designing) for any media or implementing these design concepts (web development).
Difusión
Difusão
Disseminating
Dissemination
Dissémination
Divulgazione
Дисеминација
disseminating refers to the activity of making objects of inquiry, results of research, or software and services available to fellow researchers or the wider public in a variety of more or less formal ways. It builds on or requires storing and can include releasing (publishing and commenting) and sharing (collaborating, crowdsourcing, and communicating) of data using a variety of methods and techniques including the application of linked open data.
Analyse
Analisi
Анализа
Analyzing
Análise
Análisis
analyzing refers to the activity of examining any kind of information from collections of data, of discovering recurring phenomena, units, elements, patterns, groupings, and the like. This can refer to structural, formal or semantic aspects of data.
Acquisition
Acquisizione
Captura
Capturing
Erfassen
Захватање
capturing generally refers to the activity of creating digital surrogates of real world objects, or expressing existing artifacts in a digital representation. This refers basically to learning and noticing something (as in discovering) and could be enhanced by a manual process (as in transcribing) or an automated procedure (as in imaging, data recognition or recording). This also includes aggregating resources, information and data (as in gathering).
Anreichern
Arricchimento
Enriching
Enrichissement
Enriquecimento
Enriquecimiento
Обогаћивање
enriching refers to the activity of annotating, editing, or cleaning information to an object of enquiry, by making its origin, nature, structure, meaning, or elements explicit.
Interprétation
Interpretation
Interpreting
Interpretación
Interpretazione
Interpretação
Тумачење
interpreting is the activity of explaining and ascribing the intended meaning to phenomena observed in analysis. Therefore, interpretation usually follows analysis, although it could also be considered that interpretation defines the hermeneutic perspective of any method of analysis. It refers to processes opening up the discussed phenomenon to a wider debate (contextualisation), of deductive and inductive reasoning (theorizing), or formalizing specific aspects (modeling).
Conservazione
Almacenamiento
Stockage
Armazenamento
Storing
Speicherung
Похрањивање
storing refers to the activity of making digital copies of objects of inquiry, results of research, software and services, or any media keeping (preserving) them long-term accessible (archiving), without necessarily making them available to the public. This includes management activities (organizing) and processes of identifying the resource.
Abstract Thinking
Wikidata contributors, "Q25501084," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q25501084&oldid=1231655399 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Theoriebildung
Teorización
Teorização
Teorizzazione
Theorizing
Théorisation
Теоретизовање
theorizing is a method which aims to relate a number of elements or ideas into a coherent system based on some general principles and capable of explaining relevant phenomena or observations that can be tested. Theorizing can take different forms while a theory may be implemented in the form of a model, or a model may give rise to formulating a theory.
Academic Publishing
subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarship (Wikidata contributors, "Q5246046," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q5246046&oldid=1266348457 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Publishing
Pubblicazione
Publicación
Publication
Publicação
Veröffentlichen
Објављивање
publishing refers to the activity of making any kind of object formally available to the wider public. This can involve objects of research, research data, research results, or tools and services. Publishing can be closed or open access / open source, and research results can be published in print or digital formats.
Adding
arithmetic operation (Wikidata contributors, "Q32043," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q32043&oldid=1268649023 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Editing
Édition
Bearbeiten
Edición
Editare
Edição
Уређивање
editing refers to adding, correcting, condensating, organizing or in other form modifying information of a specific object with the intention to complete and finalize it by making structural, layout-related, semantic, or other scholarly explicit inline or stand-off markup.
Aggregating
act of collecting together physical or conceptual objects (Wikidata contributors, "Q23007394," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q23007394&oldid=1210318642 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Raccolta
Recolección
Sammeln
Collecte
Gathering
Прикупљање
gathering refers to aggregating discovered resources, usually in some structured way (e.g. bringing together all papers that address a certain topic, as part of a literature review, or pulling all works by a particular author out of a digital collection for further analysis).
Analyse de contenu
Inhaltsanalyse
Análise de conteúdo
Analisi Contenutistica
Análisis de contenido
Content Analysis
Анализа садржаја
content analysis includes researching/studying aspects of objects relating to their meaning, such as identifying concepts or meaningful units.
Análisis de redes
Netzwerkanalyse
Analisi delle Reti
Analyse de réseaux
Análise de redes
Network Analysis
Анализа мреже
network analysis is a method to study the relations of (real or fictional) actors or other entities in a mediated network, which can take the form of a social or academic online network, a set of correspondence, or a work of literature. The resulting network is made up of nodes (entities) and edges (relations).
Analisi delle Relazioni
Analyse relationnelle
Analyse von Relationen
Análise relacional
Análisis relacional
Relational Analysis
Релациона анализа
relational analysis refers to computational techniques serving to discover specific relations between several objects of study. In textual studies, this could mean discovering overlap between different texts (e.g. text reuse or plagiarism), or comparison of texts variations regarding completeness and correctness (e.g. collation), or assessing the similarity of texts in terms of stylistic features (e.g. stylometry). By analogy, such methods can also be applied to other cultural artefacts, such as music, film or painting.
Analyse spatiale
Analisi dello Spazio
Análise espacial
Análisis espacial
Räumliche Analyse
Spatial Analysis
Просторна анализа
spatial analysis refers to the discovery of trends or patterns in data pertaining to spatial or geographical aspects of the data. Spatial analysis may lead to Visualization or Modeling in the form of maps.
Strukturanalyse
Structural Analysis
Analisi Strutturale
Analyse structurelle
Análise estrutural
Análisis estructural
Структурална анализа
structural analysis involves analysis of dimensions of the language system on the level of the relations between these structural elements such as morphology or syntax.
Analisi Stilistica
Analyse stylistique
Análise estilística
Análisis estilístico
Stilistische Analyse
Stylistic Analysis
Стилистичка анализа
stylistic analysis consists of identifying stylistic or formal features as a particular variety of digital objects such as language, physical artifacts, painting, music or movies. Computational stylistics analysis is in many cases applied to texts and based on linguistic features.
Visualisierung
Visual Analysis
Visualisation
Visualización
Visualização
Visualizzazione
Визуализација
visual analysis refers to activities to aggregate and graphically represent patterns, structures, trends or points of interest in large and complex data sets using them analytically and making them visually explorable with methods of automatic data analysis in order to gain new insights. Virtually any type of data, information or knowledge can be visualized in static, dynamic or interactive visual formats such as images, maps, timelines, charts or tables, 2D, 3D and the like.
Annotation
Annotating
Annotazione
Annotieren
Anotación
Anotação
Анотирање
annotating refers to the activity of making information about a digital object explicit by adding notes, metadata, keywords, tags or links to a digitized representation or to an annotation file associated with it. This can be in the form of explanatory annotations that comments or contextualize a passage, annotations that make structural or linguistic information explicit, as linked open data making the relationships between objects machine-readable, or in the case of general metadata, adding information about the object as a whole.
Associating
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847960," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847960&oldid=1270669574 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Audio Annotation
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847703," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847703&oldid=1270667708 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Contestualizzazione
Contextualisation
Contextualización
Contextualização
Contextualizing
Kontextualisieren
Контекстуализовање
contextualizing refers to creating associations between an object of investigation and other, more established or better-understood objects in a relation of geographical, temporal, or thematic proximity to the object of investigation, with the aim of ascribing meaning to that object.
Encoding
process of creating a message for transmission (Wikidata contributors, "Q5375490," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q5375490&oldid=1224419731 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Georeferencing
identification of something to locations in physical space (Wikidata contributors, "Q772007," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q772007&oldid=1240907550 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Highlighting
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847905," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847905&oldid=1270669260 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Linked Open Data
linked data available under an open license (Wikidata contributors, "Q18692990," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q18692990&oldid=1229182996 (accessed July 30, 2020).
LOD
Named Entity Recognition
extraction of named entity mentions in unstructured text into pre-defined categories (Wikidata contributors, "Q403574," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q403574&oldid=1232404694 (accessed July 30, 2020).
NER
POS-Tagging
the process of identifying the grammatical type of words in a text (Wikidata contributors, "Q1271424," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1271424&oldid=1167811400 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Part-of-Speech-Tagging
Segmenting
segmenting refers to a management process or method of dividing something into smaller homogeneous parts/units to gain better understanding about an object or topic. Segmentation can range from demographic, geographical, ethical, behavioral, visual, linguistic, musical to other areas and can be multi-dimensional.
Tagging
the act of labelling a piece of data or content wth a short string to express some metadata (Wikidata contributors, "Q43401994," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q43401994&oldid=1198888121 (accessed September 4, 2020)
Visual Annotation
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847784," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847784&oldid=1270668347 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Archiving
Archivage
Archiviazione
Archivieren
Архивирање
archiving includes the process of moving data and other resources to a separate space for retention. If long-term archiving is involved, activities related to data preservation may also be involved.
Cataloging
process of listing information resources for inclusion in a database (Wikidata contributors, "Q3535655," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q3535655&oldid=1256785269 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Collecting
purposefully gathering items (Wikidata contributors, "Q208165," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q208165&oldid=1249560517 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Data Ingestion
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847455," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847455&oldid=1270665713 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Scanning
process of creating digital images with a scanner (Wikidata contributors, "Q59155052," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q59155052&oldid=1184040702 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Web Scraping
data scraping used for extracting data from websites (Wikidata contributors, "Q665452," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q665452&oldid=1203621822 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Associate
Wikidata contributors, "Q2868277," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2868277&oldid=1256900973 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Audio Conferencing
Wikidata contributors, "Q58199," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q58199&oldid=1228360894 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Comunicação
Comunicación
Communication
Comunicazione
Communicating
Kommunizieren
Комуницирање
communicating refers to the activity of exchanging ideas with other people, primarily, but not exclusively, using linguistic means.
Audio Recording
mechanical or digital record of a series of audio events (Wikidata contributors, "Q3302947," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q3302947&oldid=1254901544 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Recording
Enregistrement
Registrazione
Aufzeichnen
Grabación
Gravação
Снимање
recording refers to capturing audio and/or video. The result is a digital audio (e.g. WAV, MP3, etc.) or video (e.g. MP4, Quicktime, etc.) file that can be manipulated, analyzed and/or stored.
Authorship Attribution
authorship attribution means the theory and method of determining the author of a given piece of work, e.g. a text by appropriate characterization of stylistic and thematic features.
Bit Stream Preservation
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847577," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847577&oldid=1270666738 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Preservación
Preservação
Conservation
Konservierung
Preservazione
Preserving
Очување
preserving refers to the application of specific strategies, activities and technologies for the purpose of ensuring an accurate rendering of digital content over time. It facilitates the reuse of research data, objects, and related resources and may include activities related to sustainability and interoperability.
Blogging
action of writing articles or maintaining a weblog (Wikidata contributors, "Q21124681," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q21124681&oldid=1262333720 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Browsing
exploratory use of an information system (Wikidata contributors, "Q516508," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q516508&oldid=1169408380 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Discovering
Découverte
Entdecken
Localización
Localização
Scoperta
Проналажење
discovering describes the activity of advanced querying, simple searching and more serendipitous browsing in archives, library catalogs, indexes and abstracts of scholarly journals, web directories, databases and seeking out objects of research, research results, or other information which is useful for a given search interest.
Conversione
Conversion
Conversión
Conversão
Converting
Konvertieren
Конвертовање
converting refers to changing the file format of an object, e.g. converting a .wmv video to a .mov file or converting VHS into a digital format. A conversion is not lossless and generates a different data format, digital representation, or a different digital object. When converting concerns metadata, it may involve mapping one metadata schema to another.
Data Recognition
Datenerkennung
Reconhecimento de dados
Reconnaissance de données
Reconocimiento de datos
Riconoscimento dei Dati
Препознавање података
data recognition, e.g. optical character recognition (OCR), refers to the process of treating the immediate products of digital data capturing (recording or imaging), such as digital facsimiles of texts or of music score, in a way to extract discrete, machine-readable units from them, such as plain text words, musical notes, still or moving image elements.
Extracting
extracting refers to the process to distill structured information from texts, images or other machine-readable digital documents of a certain domain not necessarily in a human understandable form. Information extraction, knowledge extraction, knowledge discovery, information mining and data mining are methodologically similar. The activity of extracting also concerns processing human language texts by means of natural language processing (NLP).
Imagerie
Imaging
Bilderfassung
Captura em formato de imagem
Captura en formato imagen
Gestione delle Immagini
Усликавање
imaging refers to capturing texts, images, artifacts or spatial formations in 2D or 3D using optical or acoustic means (light, laser, infrared, ultrasound). Imaging usually does not lead to the identification of discrete semantic or structural units in the data, such as words or musical notes.
Transcripción
Transcription
Trascrizione
Transcrição
Transkription
Transcribing
Транскрипција
transcribing describes the activity of creating a representation of a manuscript or of audio or video recordings. The representation is generally textual for the verbal aspects of recordings and structured for example by speech turns. It can also contain multimodal information like gestures or events and multimedia information like time synchronization and relation to media files.
Limpieza de datos
Nettoyage
Pulizia
Bereinigen
Data Cleansing
Limpeza de dados
Чишћење
data cleansing involves improving the quality of an existing digital object. This could include correcting errors in a written text, errors in OCR results or debugging code.
Correcting
Wikidata contributors, "Q98848041," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98848041&oldid=1270670016 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Debugging
the process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system (Wikidata contributors, "Q845566," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q845566&oldid=1240856516 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Improving
process of a thing moving from one state to another that is considered to be better, usually through some action intended to bring about that better state (Wikidata contributors, "Q21255975," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q21255975&oldid=1264546813 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Removing
dissociation of the original object with its old part; moving an object on distance of disconnect; process of moving, or the fact of being removed (Wikidata contributors, "Q23009442," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q23009442&oldid=1268618349 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Cluster Analysis
task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters) (Wikidata contributors, "Q622825," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q622825&oldid=1212288392 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Co-Occurrence
co-occurrence indicates the semantic proximity or an idiomatic expression of text corpora, based on the statistical-linguistic frequency of occurrence of at least two terms in a certain order.
Kollaboration
Collaborazione
Colaboración
Colaboração
Collaborating
Collaboration
Колаборација/Сарадња
collaborating is involved in any research activity being done jointly by several researchers, possibly in different places and at different times. Research-oriented collaboration is enabled, particularly, through comprehensive digital research environments, but can also happen around more specific activities, such as communication or sharing of resources.
Discussing
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847226," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847226&oldid=1270663604 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Organizzazione
Organisation
Organisieren
Organizing
Организовање
organizing refers to the arrangement of objects (research materials, data sets, images, etc.) in a way that facilitates other research activities. May also include activities that support discovery such as metadata creation and enhancement.
Social Networking
The process of building one's group of personal or business contacts (Wikidata contributors, "Q19368491," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q19368491&oldid=1132647061 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Collating
collating describes the activity of comparing two or more versions of written or spoken natural language data by aligning them into alphabetical or numerical order to identify similarities and differences.
Collocation Analysis
analysis of recurrent co-occurrences of two or more words in language.
Comentario
Comentário
Commentaire
Commenting
Commento
Kommentieren
Стављање коментара
commenting is the activity of adding information to a piece of data, usually in a way that separates the data to which the comment is attached and the comment. It usually serves to express some opinion, to add contextual information, or to engage in communication or collaboration with others about the object commented on.
Expressing Opinion
expressing opinion refers to the activity of conveying one's feelings and/or thoughts about something to someone in writing or orally. Hereby existing opinions can be agreed or disagreed with, thus stimulating a discourse.
E-mailing
Wikidata contributors, "Q386274," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q386274&oldid=855343099 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Instant Messaging
form of communication over the Internet (Wikidata contributors, "Q58199," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q58199&oldid=1228360894 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Microblogging
broadcast medium (Wikidata contributors, "Q92438," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q92438&oldid=1237465325 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Text Messaging
act of typing and sending a brief, digital message (Wikidata contributors, "Q17166101," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q17166101&oldid=1266645836 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Video Conference
type of conference (Wikidata contributors, "Q238354," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q238354&oldid=1262194128 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Comparing
Wikidata contributors, "Q98845331," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98845331&oldid=1270639313 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Compiling
translation of code written in a higher-level programming language to a lower-level form (Wikidata contributors, "Q56248166," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q56248166&oldid=1230644647 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Conceptualizing
conceptualizing means the simplification, specification and formalization of an abstract idea, principle or part of the world in mind, speech, text or even in images. This design activity initially focuses on developing a common understanding of projects, topics, objects and elements and their relationship to one another.
Concordance
list of words or terms in a published book (Wikidata contributors, "Q839018," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q839018&oldid=1228232199 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Discourse Analysis
generic term for the analysis of social, language policy or historiographical discourse phenomena (Wikidata contributors, "Q1129466," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1129466&oldid=1269534863 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Identification
Identificazione
Identifizieren
Identifying
Идентификовање
identifying refers to the activity of naming and/or assigning (possibly unique and/or persistent) identifiers such as a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination to objects of enquiry or to any kind of digital object.
Information Retrieval
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources (Wikidata contributors, "Q816826," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q816826&oldid=1228359828 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Machine Learning
branch of statistics and computer science, which studies algorithms and architectures that learn from observed facts (Wikidata contributors, "Q2539," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2539&oldid=1228523395 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Sentiment Analysis
use of natural language processing, text analysis and computational linguistics to identify and extract subjective information in source materials (Wikidata contributors, "Q2271421," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2271421&oldid=1170108641 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Topic Modeling
set of techniques in computational linguistics and related fields (Wikidata contributors, "Q96468792," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q96468792&oldid=1211601100 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Integrating
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847635," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847635&oldid=1270667187 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Mapping
binary relation which is left-total (defined on all its input set) (Wikidata contributors, "Q370502," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q370502&oldid=1183603611 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Semantification
semantification refers to the process of identifying and associating explicit information with each other by facing challenges such as ambiguity and formalization of implicit knowledge to improve access, automatically data analysis and reuse.
Contrastive Analysis
Wikidata contributors, "Q614959," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q614959&oldid=1118155497 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Lemmatizing
Wikidata contributors, "Q2554325," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2554325&oldid=1114054839 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Natural Language Processing
field of computer science and linguistics (Wikidata contributors, "Q30642," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q30642&oldid=1257963465 (accessed September 4, 2020).
NLP
Parsing
process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar (Wikidata contributors, "Q194152," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q194152&oldid=1264510115 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Transcoding
direct digital-to-digital conversion of one encoding to another (Wikidata contributors, "Q1888734," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1888734&oldid=1225865439 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Diseño
Design
Designing
Progettazione
Дизајнирање
designing refers to the development of a user or a graphical interface, with which the user is able to interact to perform various tasks and conduct activities. Also included here is the development of the user experience, user interaction, participation and usability aspects where a person’s perceptions and needs of the practical dimensions such as utility, ease of use, and efficiency of the system are taken into consideration.
Programación
Programmation
Programação
Programmazione
Programmieren
Programming
Програмирање
programming describes the process of creating executable code for a computer including scripts or application software. Often programming comprises pseudo coding and editing ac source code or algorithm and is varying for different programming languages.
Traduction
Übersetzen
Translating
Traducción
Tradução
Traduzione
Превођење
translating involves generating a new linguistic object based on a natural languages source document but written in a different language than the source.
Desarrollo web
Desenvolvimento web
Développement Web
Sviluppo Web
Web Development
Webentwicklung
Развој мреже-Веб програмирање
web development refers to the creation of websites by writing HTML/CSS, or other scripting languages, and building or configuring a platform, content management system or framework such as Drupal, WordPress, Bootstrap, or Omeka, but also includes creating digital assets for browser-based applications.
Writing
Schreiben
Escrita
Escritura
Scrittura
Écriture
Писање
writing designates the activity of creating new texts (instead of capturing existing text). Here, it primarily concerns research papers and reports, but may include other textually-oriented objects.
Cropping
to remove unwanted outer parts of an image (Wikidata contributors, "Q785116," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q785116&oldid=1110149634 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Crowdsourcing
Cooperazione Collettiva
Прибављање малих новчаних прилога од великог броја људи
crowdsourcing refers to the paradigm of user-generated content by an open, large and constantly growing group of contributors in a collaborative and collective web context, applied here to the domain of digital humanities research.
Gamification
the use of game thinking and game mechanics in non-game contexts to engage users in solving problems (Wikidata contributors, "Q1067402," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1067402&oldid=1233709490 (accessed July 30, 2020).
User Generated Content
online content created by users (Wikidata contributors, "Q579716," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q579716&oldid=1244820573 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Data Mapping
process of linking data objects in distinct models (Wikidata contributors, "Q2330408," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2330408&oldid=1185372641 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Modeling
Modélisation
Modelagem
Modelización
Modelizzazione
Modellieren
Моделовање
modeling refers to creating an abstract representation of a complex phenomenon, usually in a machine-readable way, possibly in an interactive way (i.e. it includes “simulation”). Models become machine-readable when modeling produces a schema that describes the elements and the structure of an object of inquiry in an explicit way. Further it refers to the activity of transforming or manipulating a digital object in such a way as to make it compatible with a previously constructed model or schema.
Data Mining
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning (Wikidata contributors, "Q172491," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q172491&oldid=1268899513 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Optical Character Recognition
Wikidata contributors, "Q167555," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q167555&oldid=1257963956 (accessed September 4, 2020).
OCR
Optical Music Recognition
Wikidata contributors, "Q1243229," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1243229&oldid=1126910841 (accessed September 4, 2020).
OMR
Preprocessing
Wikidata contributors, "Q28838080," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q28838080&oldid=941780726 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Data Visualization
creation and study of the visual representation of data (Wikidata contributors, "Q6504956," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q6504956&oldid=1258700005 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Defining
statement that attaches a meaning to a term (Wikidata contributors, "Q101072," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q101072&oldid=1267587775 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Description
text for clarification; one of four rhetorical modes (Wikidata contributors, "Q1200750," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1200750&oldid=1266102146 (accessed September 5, 2020).
Diagramming
Wikidata contributors, "Q98845265," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98845265&oldid=1270638355 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Drawing
visual artwork in two-dimensional medium (Wikidata contributors, "Q93184," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q93184&oldid=1269736568 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Wireframing
Wikidata contributors, "Q98845203," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98845203&oldid=1270637566 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Digital Publishing
Wikidata contributors, "Q1224844," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1224844&oldid=573797951 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Exploration
act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery (Wikidata contributors, "Q6502154," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q6502154&oldid=1238428839 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Querying
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847088," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847088&oldid=1270661541 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Searching
search for target data from a set of data (Wikidata contributors, "Q11540953," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q11540953&oldid=1207018344 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Sharing
Teilen
Condivisione
Intercambio
Partage
Troca
Дељење
sharing refers to the activity of making objects such as digital information, documents, files, software and other publically findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable according to the fair principles and in the sense of open science through communication channels such as blogs, code sharing sites such as GitHUB, social media sites or other web-based services, collaborative and network applications.
Teaching
teaching refers to the activity of actively imparting knowledge, competences or skills.
Distance Measures
definitions for distance between two objects or events in the universe (Wikidata contributors, "Q1344778," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1344778&oldid=1172224550 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Formatting
Wikidata contributors, "Q98848248," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98848248&oldid=1270671201 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Merging
Wikidata contributors, "Q98848337," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98848337&oldid=1270671768 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Modifying
Wikidata contributors, "Q98848358," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98848358&oldid=1270671956 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Subtracting
Wikidata contributors, "Q98848418," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98848418&oldid=1270672456 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Supplementing
Wikidata contributors, "Q98848097," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98848097&oldid=1270670374 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Video Editing
editing live television and video production (Wikidata contributors, "Q1154312," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1154312&oldid=1149134104 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Emulation
system that emulates a real system such that the behavior closely resembles the behavior of the real system (Wikidata contributors, "Q202871," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q202871&oldid=1159572399 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Explanation
set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts (Wikidata contributors, "Q7958," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q7958&oldid=1255429522 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Information Mining
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847165," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847165&oldid=1270662707 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Knowledge Discovery
Wikidata contributors, "Q98847144," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98847144&oldid=1270662396 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Knowledge Extraction
creation of knowledge from structured and unstructured sources (Wikidata contributors, "Q1582085," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1582085&oldid=1235011290 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Finding
Wikidata contributors, "Q28195064," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q28195064&oldid=559043572 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Web Crawling
systematic access of resources across the web (Wikidata contributors, "Q61466324," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q61466324&oldid=1232626072 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Genre Recognition
genre recognition refers to methods and technologies for analyzing pieces of art (e.g. literature, music, film), extracting and classifying features to associate them with different genres automatically or semi-automatically.
Graphics Programming
Wikidata contributors, "Q98845304," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98845304&oldid=1270638847 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Identifier
name that identifies either a unique object or a unique class of objects (Wikidata contributors, "Q853614," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q853614&oldid=1265951822 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Naming Convention
set of rules for naming variables, types, functions, etc. in programming (Wikidata contributors, "Q461984," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q461984&oldid=1221175218 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Persistent Identifier
long-lasting digital name (Wikidata contributors, "Q420330," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q420330&oldid=1268700365 (accessed September 4, 2020).
PID
Uniform Resource Identifier
string of characters used to identify a name of a resource on a network such as the internet (Wikidata contributors, "Q61694," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q61694&oldid=1253478595 (accessed September 4, 2020).
URI
Digital Object Identifier
character string used as a permanent identifier for a digital object, in a format controlled by the International DOI Foundation (Wikidata contributors, "Q25670," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q25670&oldid=1280060100 (accessed September 24, 2020).
DOI
Photographing
art, science, and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation (Wikidata contributors, "Q11633," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q11633&oldid=1237597469 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Lettering
creation of hand-drawn letters in graphic design and typography (Wikidata contributors, "Q5538738," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q5538738&oldid=1222349737 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Managing
influence or authority over something; process of directing the operation of a device, system, or process (Wikidata contributors, "Q29017603," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q29017603&oldid=1238420285 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Migration
process of selecting, preparing, extracting, and transforming data and permanently transferring it from one computer storage system to another (Wikidata contributors, "Q1932543," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1932543&oldid=1212596075 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Mind Mapping
Wikidata contributors, "Q98846887," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98846887&oldid=1270658470 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Transformation
process involving change into a qualitatively different form (Wikidata contributors, "Q65757353," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q65757353&oldid=1268189392 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Pattern Recognition
branch of machine learning (Wikidata contributors, "Q378859," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q378859&oldid=1234461159 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Plotting
Wikidata contributors, "Q98846923," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98846923&oldid=1270658999 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Posting
content on a social media platform, a forum or a blog (Wikidata contributors, "Q1453674," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1453674&oldid=1178826153 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Preservation Metadata
information that supports and documents acts of preservation on digital materials (Wikidata contributors, "Q7241044," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q7241044&oldid=1202709309 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Replication
sharing information to ensure consistency in computing (Wikidata contributors, "Q1332873," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1332873&oldid=1221552165 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Versioning
versioning comprises the management of different but improved and optimized models, releases or parts of a product or work (e.g. document, websites or software) by archiving, referencing and documenting of the changes in these different versions.
Principal Component Analysis
conversion of a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components (Wikidata contributors, "Q2873," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2873&oldid=1237203694 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Pseudo Coding
pseudo coding refers to the basic process of breaking complex problems into modular algorithms and logical procedures described in plain text. It primarily aims at human readability.
Tweet
individual post on the Twitter microblogging service (Wikidata contributors, "Q56119332," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q56119332&oldid=1249804975 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Reasoning
type of thought (Wikidata contributors, "Q1156402," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1156402&oldid=1265618386 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Screencast
digital recording of computer screen output (Wikidata contributors, "Q1365447," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q1365447&oldid=1234996090 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Video Capture
Wikidata contributors, "Q2778015," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q2778015&oldid=1112440881 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Sequence Alignment
process in bioinformatics that aligns (identifies equivalent sites within) molecular sequences (Wikidata contributors, "Q827246," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q827246&oldid=1228152501 (accessed July 30, 2020).
Stylometry
stylometry refers to research methods and techniques for analyzing, characterizing and comparing writing styles to determine authorship via statistical probability. A typical stylometric approach is based on the observation the frequency of occurrence of individual words, length of sentences, complexity of sentences, frequent words, spelling errors, etc.
Rhetorical Analysis
Wikidata contributors, "Q98845926," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98845926&oldid=1270647161 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Upload
sending of data from a local system to a remote system (Wikidata contributors, "Q7126699," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q7126699&oldid=1267188395 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Speech Recognizing
Wikidata contributors, "Q98846987," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98846987&oldid=1270659968 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Tree-Tagging
Wikidata contributors, "Q98845582," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q98845582&oldid=1270642307 (accessed September 4, 2020).
Text Categorization
Wikidata contributors, "Q57771142," Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q57771142&oldid=1072020823 (accessed September 4, 2020).